What do bugs and mistakes have in common?

Blog: March 24th 2026 – Second Week of Honors Seminar

If there’s one thing today’s seminar, led by Prof. Dr. Claudia Meitinger from the Electrical Engineering Department made clear, it is that mistakes are not just little accidents we try to avoid, but they can be the main characters of a whole story. In the following, things go wrong in the most dramatic ways, yet every single mistake pushes the story forward while challenging the participants in various ways.

Chapter 1: The Bite

Our story, read to us by Prof. Meitinger, begins with The Bite, which has a harmless setup: A rainforest, a mysterious bug, and a biologist named Alex. He gets bitten by the bug and ignores the bite like we all ignore things that will definitely come back to haunt us. It was only a matter of time until Alex is rushed to the emergency room with a dangerously high fever. Then we have Max: A sleep-deprived doctor who hasn’t seen rest in 24 hours. Under pressure, he misreads the dosage and administers a thousand-fold overdose. Not exactly a minor error.

This chapter introduces the idea that according to James Reason, errors can result from unintended and intended actions and appear in different forms: Slips, lapses, and mistakes. Our task was to discuss and identify the error type of Max as well as the circumstances that caused the problem. The conclusion: There was no conclusion! Looking at the situation from the person approach and the system approach led to lively ethical discussions.

Chapter 2: The Puzzle

Now things get even more confusing. Alex’s condition gets worse. The team starts throwing around hypotheses: Overdose, allergic reaction, infection? Each explanation fits a little, but none fits completely. At some point, someone asks the golden question: “Are we treating the disease or the side effects of our treatment?” That’s when you know things have gotten complicated.

Problems are rarely simple and our first explanation is often incomplete. It also showed how important it is to step back and rethink assumptions.

Like everyone should do, when they are stuck, the doctors called an expert, their hero: Chris, the engineer. Because when medicine gets complicated, obviously the next step is… experimental technology?

Chapter 3: The Machine

This is where things go from serious to slightly absurd. Chris arrives with a machine that looks like a mix between a science project and a sci-fi movie prop. It connects wires, flashes lights, and promises answers. After some frantic typing and fixing “just a small bug”, the machine finally produces a result: “Patient is dead”.

There’s just one small issue: The patient is clearly alive.

This is where the story mirrors what we learned about programming errors. The machine didn’t just fail randomly, it failed in specific ways: There are syntax errors that stop everything, logical errors that produce completely wrong results, and runtime errors which lead to crashes at the worst possible moment. And here starts our mission – as mostly amateurs in information technology: Fixing the code ourselves. Interestingly, part of the group was genuinely excited and had the chance to hunt bugs and fix things!

Chapter 4: The Investigation

The mood of the doctors (and the seminar) shifts from analysis to panic:
Instead of trusting the machine blindly, the team questions it. They dig deeper into the raw data, compare expected and actual results, and realize that the issue isn’t the data, but how the data is processed. This is the part where we learn about the importance of software testing. It helps us catch errors early and systematically. A program can run perfectly and still be completely wrong. That’s probably one of the most important lessons, not just in coding, but in general. Just because something “works” doesn’t mean it’s correct.

The moral of the story: computers don’t make mistakes, they follow instructions to the book. So if something goes wrong, it’s usually because a human gives the machine the wrong instructions.

2 of the 3 authors decided to give up at this point and let the remaining author work his magic!

Chapter 5: The Power of Mistakes

Without the initial errors, the team might never have questioned their assumptions, never investigated deeper, and never found the true cause. The combination of human reasoning and technical analysis ultimately led to success. Looking back, the common thread through the entire story is clear: Mistakes are not just problems, they are opportunities to learn, improve systems, and think more critically. Whether it’s a doctor under pressure, a faulty machine, or a broken piece of code, every error reveals something valuable. So in the end, failing forward means exactly that: You don’t avoid mistakes, you use and analyze them. And sometimes, all it takes is one wrong calculation, one broken program, or one “dead” patient who is very much alive to figure things out.

In the end, we don’t succeed despite errors, we succeed because of them.

The vibe after the seminar concluded was incredible and just kept getting better after discovering and trying all the fresh home baked goods, which were made by the participants. As usual people grabbed something to bite, a drink and chimed into the lively discussions that ensued over the things we’ve learned this week.

Thank you Professor Meitinger for this interactive adventure in electronic engineering! We gained many insights, not only in coding but also becoming aware of different kind of errors.

Authors: Leonie Diechler, Patrick Hertle, Anna Orth

Pictures: AI-generated with Gemini


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4 responses to “What do bugs and mistakes have in common?”

  1. Lilli Sandmeir Avatar
    Lilli Sandmeir

    What I really liked about the blog is that it gives you a good overview of different types of errors and helps you understand how small mistakes can lead to serious consequences, especially through the “Cheese Model.”
    I continued to reflect on the topic of assigning blame even after the seminar. When such mistakes happen in real life, you naturally want to blame someone. But it’s not that simple. Especially because of the healthcare system, many workers are overburdened, so you can’t really hold them accountable. But you can’t fight the system either. That’s why I imagine it would be extremely difficult to deal with such a situation.

  2. Clara Avatar
    Clara

    It was great to dive into the story and explore the themes by solving mini challenges and discovering the story world.
    As well as the technical themes, our group also had an ethical and societal discussion about fault and its (real) source.

  3. Lea Sandmeir Avatar
    Lea Sandmeir

    For me, the seminar was very exciting, but also a bit confusing at the beginning. When it came to the tasks where we had to find errors in a piece of code, I initially felt a bit lost, since as a business psychology student I had never had any contact with that before. That’s why I really appreciated that we were such a mixed group. At my table, two people from the mechanical engineering faculty were able to solve the task and at the same time provided insights that helped even complete beginners like me gain a better understanding.

  4. Sarah Assobar Avatar
    Sarah Assobar

    I really enjoyed how this blog post connected human mistakes with technical errors in such a creative and story-based way. The seminar seems to have shown very clearly that mistakes are rarely isolated incidents, but often happen because of pressure, assumptions, unclear systems or wrong instructions. What stood out to me most was the idea that a program can run without crashing and still produce a completely wrong result. I think this also applies to real life: just because something seems to work on the surface does not always mean that it is actually correct. The story made the topic of errors in coding much easier to understand, especially for people who do not have much technical experience. Overall, I liked the message that mistakes are not only problems, but can become valuable chances to question assumptions, improve systems and learn something new.